Friday, February 27, 2009

Jackson County book hits #26 on Bestsellers List


The History of Jackson County, Florida: The Early Years achieved a unique milestone today. As of 10 p.m. tonight, it had moved to #26 on Amazon.com's list of bestsellers about Florida.

The book is Volume One of an eventual three volume set about Jackson County and is unique among county histories from Florida because it explores a lot more than names and dates. Jackson County is one of the most historic regions of the state. First explored and settled by Spanish missionaries in 1674, it was the location of significant events during the American Revolution, War of 1812, First Seminole War, Second Seminole War and Civil War. The book is written more as a history of a region of Florida than in the typical "recitation" style of most county histories.

If you are interested in learning more, Amazon offers a free preview of the book. Just follow the link in the Bestseller listing below:

In Stock Price: $24.95

Thursday, February 26, 2009

Battle of Natural Bridge Reenactment set for March 7-8


The annual reenactment and memorial service for the Battle of Natural Bridge will be held on March 7-8 at the Natural Bridge Battlefield Historic State Park south of Tallahassee.

Fought on March 6, 1865, this battle was one of the last significant Southern victories of the Civil War and preserved Tallahassee's status as the only Confederate capital east of the Mississippi not captured by Union forces during the war.

The two days of events will include living history events, reenactments, etc. The main events will take place on Sunday, March 8th, with a short memorial service set for 1 p.m. (Eastern) immediately followed by the main battle reenactment.

The Battle of Natural Bridge was significant for a number of reasons. On the Confederate side, the troops fighting included the cadets from the West Florida Seminary (today's Florida State University). FSU's ROTC remains one of only three in the United States authorized by the Pentagon to carry a battle streamer. On the Union side, the battle involved the largest percentage of African American troops of any engagement in Florida. The 2nd and 99th U.S. Colored Troops fought at Natural Bridge, sustaining heavy casualties while making 8 separate charges against the Confederate defenders.

To learn more about the battle, please visit www.exploresouthernhistory.com/nbindex.

Wednesday, February 25, 2009

Lake Jackson Mounds - Tallahassee, Florida


Lake Jackson Mounds Archaeological State Park preserves the site of an ancient city that thrived on the present site of Tallahassee more than 500 years ago.

The capital of a Mississippian chiefdom that thrived across much of the Leon County area between 900-1500 A.D., the Lake Jackson Mounds remain one of the most impressive Native American ceremonial sites in Florida.

The state park preserves two large platform mounds that were once the center of a mound complex where ancient Native Americans gathered for political and religious purposes. Archaeologists working at the site have found remarkable artifacts, including elaborately engraved copper breastplates made by the early inhabitants of the site.

The park also preserves a beautiful section of woodlands where a nature trail leads past a mill dam and the dikes of rice fields that were cultivated during the 1820s.

To learn more about Lake Jackson Mounds and to see additional photos, please visit www.exploresouthernhistory.com/lakejackson1.

Monday, February 23, 2009

Milly Francis - Florida's Pocahontas


One of the most remarkable events in Florida history took place on the banks of the Wakulla River near St. Marks, Florida, during the spring of 1818. The monument seen here was erected in her memory by the Daughters of the American Revolution and can be seen on the grounds of San Marcos de Apalache Historic State Park in St. Marks.

The First Seminole War was raging in 1818 and an American soldiers, Private Duncan McKrimmon of the Georgia Militia, had wandered away from his post at Fort Gadsden on the Apalachicola River and been captured by warriors loyal to the Prophet Josiah Francis. A Creek leader and holy man allied with the Seminoles in the war, Francis had fled to Florida from Alabama with his followers and family at the end of the Creek War of 1813-1814.

Taken to Francis' village, McKrimmon was stripped of his clothes and tied to a post in anticipation of his execution. As the sad scene was about to be enacted, however, the Prophet's 15-year-old daughter, Milly, intervened on his behalf.

Going first to her father, she pleaded for the soldier's life. Francis explained that it was beyond his power to spare the man as under Creek law his fate rested in the hand of the warrior who had captured him. He instructed his daughter to talk to this warrior. Milly did so, but found the man embittered and determined to take McKrimmon's life to avenge the death of his sister during the Creek War. She reasoned with him, explaining that McKrimmon was so young that he had "no head to go to war" on his own and that his death would not bring the enraged warrior's sister back to life.

Considering the matter, he relented and agreed to spare the young soldier's life on the condition that he agree to join the tribe and have his head shaved in the style of a Creek warrior. McKrimmon immediately agreed to do so and was released from his bonds.

When the story became known, it electrified newspaper readers across the United States and Milly Francis became one of the best known women in America. Unfortunately, her tragic story was far from over.

To learn more, please visit www.exploresouthernhistory.com/millyfrancis.

Saturday, February 21, 2009

Two-Toed Tom - Florida's Alligator-Monster


One of the most unusual legends of the Deep South is the story of Two-Toed Tom, the "demon possessed" alligator monster of Northwest Florida and Southeast Alabama.

First recorded by Carl Carmer during the 1930s, the story was old by the time he heard of legendary battles between backwoods settlers and a monstrous alligator in the swamps and ponds along the Florida-Alabama line. The beast took its name from the fact that it had lost all but two toes on one foot in a bear trap.

Described as a "red-eyed hell-demon" in alligator form, the monster was a terrifying thing for people of the region for many years. In fact, some people believe he still exists. Sightings have been reported along the Choctawhatchee River and at Sand Hammock Lake in Holmes County.

Expeditions were launched over the years in efforts to find or kill the monster, but all turned up empty-handed. Even so, the stories linger on as part of the rich culture of the counties of the Northwest Florida "panhandle."

To learn more, please visit www.exploresouthernhistory.com/alligator2.

Friday, February 20, 2009

Fort Cooper State Park - Inverness, Florida


Located just south of Inverness, Fort Cooper State Park preserves the site of a rough log stockade constructed during the early months of the Second Seminole War.

Named for Major Mark Anthony Cooper, the fort was built to protect a number of wounded and sick U.S. soldiers during General Winfield Scott's campaign against the Seminoles during the spring of 1836. The war at that point was not going well for the army. Dade's Battle, the previous December, had witnessed the death of more than 100 soldiers and attempts to advance by armies under Generals Edmund P. Gaines and Duncan L. Clinch had also been blunted.

Scott attempted to bring the Seminoles to bay by marching three columns into the wilderness of Central Florida, but the European style strategy was not successful. His already slow movements became even slower due to the necessity to move sick and wounded that he decided to leave them behind under a guard of five companies of Georgia Volunteers and a small company of artillerymen.

The men, commanded by Major Cooper, built Fort Cooper and fended off several attacks by Osceola and a large force of Seminole warriors.

To learn more, please visit www.exploresouthernhistory.com/fortcooper.

Thursday, February 19, 2009

The Battle of Olustee, Florida


Tomorrow, February 20th, will mark the 145th anniversary of the Battle of Olustee, the largest Civil War battle fought in Florida.

For hours on February 20, 1864, more than 10,000 Union and Confederate soldiers blazed away at each other in the open pine woods east of Lake City, Florida. Neither side used breastworks or fortifications of any kind, which probably explains why according to some sources it was the bloodiest battle of the war, percentage-wise, for the Union army.

The Battle of Olustee was a dramatic Confederate victory that ended an amazing campaign that had its roots in a political scheme to return at least part of Florida to the Union in time for the state's electoral votes to play a part in the 1864 Presidential Election.

The site of the battle is now preserved at Olustee Battlefield Historic State Park, located on U.S. 90 about 13 miles east of Lake City.

The site preserves a key area of the battlefield and offers a museum, walking trails, monuments, interpretive signs and a chance to explore Florida's little known role in the Civil War. To learn more, please visit www.exploresouthernhistory.com/olustee.

Tuesday, February 17, 2009

Letchworth-Love Mounds Archaeological State Park


Just off U.S. 90 between Tallahassee and Monticello is a state park preserving what remains of a massive prehistoric mound group. One of the surviving mounds, in fact, is believed to be the tallest "Indian mound" in Florida.

Letchworth-Love Mounds Archaeological State Park was the site of a significant Native American city of the Weeden Island time period (A.D. 300-900). Former owners of the property indicate that there were once as many as 15-20 mounds at and near the site. Four of these can be seen at the park.

The largest mound at the site, once called the "Miccosukee Mound," rises 46 feet high and measures nearly 300 feet across the base.

The park is one of the newest in Florida, but is already in danger of being closed due to budget constraints. To learn more about it, please visit www.exploresouthernhistory.com/letchworth.

Monday, February 16, 2009

Maclay Gardens State Park - Tallahassee


As we move into late February, it will not be long before azeleas and dogwoods begin to bloom in Florida. By mid-March, flowers will begin to cover much of the state.

One of the most extraordinary places to visit in late March and early April is Maclay Gardens State Park in Tallahassee. Covering hundreds of acres just off Interstate 10, the park offers one of the nation's most spectacular gardens.

Conceived and planted by Alfred and Louise Maclay, who had purchased the property as a winter home, the first plantings in the gardens date back to 1923. Considered a "masterpiece of floral architecture," the grounds feature a walled garden, hundreds of blooming shrubs and trees, a reflecting pool, and paths leading through acres and acres of beautiful plantings.

The gardens usually reach their peak in late March, so if you are interesting in taking a trip to Tallahassee this year, consider making plans to see the blooms.

For more information, please visit www.exploresouthernhistory.com/maclaygardens1.

Fort George - Pensacola's British Fort


At the intersection of Palafox and La Rua Streets in Pensacola is a small park that preserves a portion of the site of Fort George, a British fort that played a key role in the American Revolution.

A small section of the fort has been reconstructed and visitors can read interpretive panels that explain the history of the site and also inspect two original British cannon of the Revolutionary War period.

Fort George was built by the British after they took possession of Pensacola from the Spanish at the end of the French and Indian War in 1763. An important port for the Indian trade, the city served as the King's capital of West Florida.

When Spain and France allied with the American colonists in their uprising against King George III, the British moved aggressively to strengthen their hold on Pensacola. Fort George and two outlying redoubts (smaller forts) were built on the heights overlooking the city and the Royal Naval Redoubt was built where Fort Barrancas stands today.

One of the least known yet most significant battles of the American Revolution was fought for control of Fort George and Pensacola during the spring of 1781. Led by General Bernardo de Galvez, a force of thousands of Spanish, French, Irish and American troops laid siege to Fort George. Heavy fighting took place as the British tried to hold them back.

The critical moment finally came when a mortar shell fell on the magazine of one of the outlying British redoubts, blowing it to bits. Nearly 100 men died in the explosion. The allied forces attacked and captured the ruins, using the position to fire down on the main British works at Fort George and forcing the men there to raise the white flag.

Although it is seldom mentioned in histories of the American Revolution, the capture of Fort George actually produced signficant results for the United States. By ending British possession of West Florida, General Galvez eliminated the possibility that British forces would remained poised on the Southern frontier of the United States following the end of the Revolution. This would prove highly significant during the War of 1812.

The battle also eliminated any British threat to the lower Mississippi Valley, clearing the way for the Louisiana Purchase.

You can learn more about Fort George and its role in the Battle of Pensacola by visiting www.exploresouthernhistory.com/fortgeorge.

Friday, February 13, 2009

Annual Olustee Festival and Reenactment is This Weekend


The 33rd annual reenactment of the Battle of Olustee will take place this weekend at Olustee Battlefield Historic State Park near Lake City.

This battle, fought on February 20, 1864, was the largest Civil War battle in Florida and involved more than 10,000 men who stood toe to toe in the open pine woods. According to some sources, it was the worst Union defeat of the war (in terms of casualty percentages).

Lake City has memorialized the anniversary of the battle for decades now with its popular Olustee Festival. The event gets underway tomorrow and features festival activities, arts and crafts, etc. The annual parade will take place in Lake City on Saturday morning at 10:30 (Eastern), while the main battle reenactment will be on Sunday at 1:30 at the battlefield 13 miles east of town on U.S. 90.

Click here for more information on festival events and to check out the schedule. You can learn more about the battle by visiting www.exploresouthernhistory.com/olustee.

Thursday, February 12, 2009

Ancient History in Fort Walton Beach


One of the most impressive archaeological sites in Florida can be found in the heart of downtown Fort Walton Beach.

The Fort Walton Temple Mound and Indian Temple Mound Museum are located at 139 Miracle Strip Parkway (U.S. Highway 98) and preserve a Native American ceremonial mound built nearly 1,000 years ago.

The Fort Walton Temple Mound was the centerpiece of a major mound group, most of the rest of which has long since been covered over. A large platform mound that stands 17 feet tall and measures 223 feet long across the base, the mound once served as the base for a large structure and was the focal point of ceremonial and political activities in a large village of the Mississippian time period (A.D. 900-1500).

Now preserved and maintained by the City of Fort Walton Beach, the mound is located immediately next to the Indian Temple Mound Museum where visitors can view amazing samples of artifacts recovered from sites in Northwest Florida.


Friday, February 6, 2009

Florida's Rip Van Winkle


One of the more bizarre legends handed down by Florida's early pioneers is a "Rip Van Winkle" like tale about a sleeping man found in the caves of today's Florida Caverns State Park in Marianna.

The caves at what would become the park were popular with early residents of Jackson County and they often rode out from town to picnic and explore. On one such expedition, according to the legend, a party of young people were exploring the Natural Bridge Cavern in the park when a wall suddenly gave way and exposed a previously unknown chamber.

As they climbed inside through the dust and debris, the explorers were stunned to find an old man stretched out on the floor of the new cave. At first they thought he was dead, but then to their surprise he began to stretch and wake up. He was dressed in skins with a coonskin cap by his side. He spoke a strange Spanish dialect but after some trying the explorers were finally able to understand what he was saying. When they told him the year, however, he became highly alarmed and announced that he had been sleeping for 100 years!

Panic stricken, the man ran out into the vast swamps of the Chipola River and was never seen again.

To learn more about this fascinating story that first appeared in newspapers as early as the 1850s, please visit www.exploresouthernhistory.com/floridacaverns8. A longer version of the story can also be found in my recent book, The History of Jackson County, Florida: Volume One. It is now available at Amazon.com. Just follow the link for more information.

Thursday, February 5, 2009

Florida Caverns State Park - Marianna, Florida


Florida's fascinating karst topography means that the state is rich in caves, caverns, sinkholes and springs. The best place to explore these without crawling through the mud and braving snakes and other wild animals is Florida Caverns State Park in Marianna.

Established during the Great Depression, the park contains Florida's only tour cave, a beautiful cavern that is toured by tens of thousands of visitors each year.

In addition, the state park preserves a phenomenal natural setting of towering hardwood trees, limestone bluffs, flood plains, a beautiful spring and numerous smaller caves. One of the other caves, the "Tunnel Cave" on the park's nature trail, can be toured without a guide.

The park is rich in Florida history. Early Spanish explorers crossed the Natural Bridge of the Chipola River here, as did later British and American explorers. Andrew Jackson's army crossed the bridge in 1818 as he marched overland to Pensacola during the First Seminole War.

A visitor center in the park displays artifacts recovered there and interpretive panels provide information on the rich natural and cultural history of the area.

To learn more, please visit www.exploresouthernhistory.com/floridacaverns.

Wednesday, February 4, 2009

Ancient Walls and Gates of St. Augustine, Florida


The finest place in the United States to explore our country's Spanish colonial history is the beautiful old city of St. Augustine, Florida.

Founded in 1565, St. Augustine is the oldest continually occupied city in the United States. It abounds with beautiful original and restored colonial structures.

I've always found the fact that St. Augustine was a walled city to be fascinating. Visitors often pass the beautiful old stone city gate without recognizing its significance.

The decision to build walls around the city was prompted by an English attack in 1702. Governor James Moore of South Carolina torched and sacked St. Augustine, although he was unable to conquer the massive old fortress of Castillo de San Marcos. Two years later, construction began on the Cubo Line, an earth and timber wall that stretched across the northern end of the city from Matanzas Bay to the San Sebastian River.

Updated over the years, the wall successfully protected St. Augustine from ever being captured again.

The current Old City Gate was constructed in 1808 at the time of the final reconstruction of the Cubo line.


Fort Barrancas - Pensacola, Florida


During the first half of the 19th century, the U.S. Government built four major fortifications to defend Pensacola Bay from enemy attack.

Fort Pickens and Fort McRee stood on opposite sides of the entrance to the bay, while Fort Barrancas was built on a commanding bluff long occupied by Spanish defenses to provide extra barrages of artillery fire should an attacking ship make it past Pickens and McRee.

As the Civil War loomed on the horizon during the winter of 1860-1861, Fort Barrancas was the only one of the Pensacola Bay forts actually occupied by U.S. troops. On January 6, 1861, in fact, sentries at the fort fired the first hostile shots of the Civil War when they observed shadowy figures on the opposite side of drawbridge. The men proved to be militia soldiers from Alabama, but they escaped without injury.

Lt. Adam J. Slemmer, the commander of the fort, quickly moved his men across to Fort Pickens, a more easily defended point on Santa Rosa Island. State troops occupied Fort Barrancas and it remained in Confederate hands until 1862. The fort took part in heavy bombardments in November of 1861 and January of 1862 and later served as a Union headquarters for operations in Northwest Florida and South Alabama.

Fort Barrancas is now part of Gulf Islands National Seashore and is open to the public on a daily basis. To learn more, please visit www.exploresouthernhistory.com/fortbarrancas1.

Tuesday, February 3, 2009

San Marcos de Apalache - St. Marks, Florida


The site of Spanish, American and Confederate forts dating back to 1679, San Marcos de Apalache Historic State Park in St. Marks preserves one of the most significant historic sites in the United States.

Only a 30 minute drive from Tallahassee, the park overlooks the picturesque confluence of the St. Marks and Wakulla Rivers and vast coastal marshes of Florida's "Forgotten Coast."

The Spanish explorer Panfilo de Narvaez came to this vicinity in 1528 after his explorations of Florida ended in disaster. His men built crude ships somewhere nearby and sailed away, most to disappear forever.

Hernando de Soto's men also visited the vicinity during the winter of 1539-1540, rowing out from the mouth of the St. Marks River to signal supply ships on the Gulf of Mexico.

By the late 1600s, the Apalachee Province of Florida, centered on present-day Tallahassee, had become the scene of an active chain of Spanish missions. St. Marks was a vital port for the province and in 1679 a fort was constructed at today's park site to guard against an enemy attack from the Gulf. Just three years later, however, the fort was attacked and destroyed in an attack by real "pirates of the Caribbean."

Rebuilt, the fort was occupied until 1704 when the Apalachee missions were evacuated in the face of British attacks. By the time Spanish soldiers returned in 1718, the wooden fort had deteriorated and work began on a massive new stone fortress. The fort was never completed, but passed into British hands in 1763, was returned to Spain 20 years later, was captured briefly by the notorious pirate and adventurer William Augustus Bowles in 1800 and eventually fell to a U.S. army led by Andrew Jackson in 1818.

Confederate troops fortified the site during the Civil War by building earthworks over the old Spanish ruins. The battery was named Fort Ward and was held until the end of the war, despite two attempts by the Union navy to capture it. It was one of the only Confederate coastal forts that never fell to Union attack.

Although the site has welcomed visitors for three decades, it may soon be lost to future generations. San Marcos de Apalache is on a list of 19 Florida state parks facing permanent or temporary closure due to state budget shortfalls. If you would like to voice your support for keeping the park open, please write Governor Charlie Crist at Charlie.Crist@MyFlorida.com.

You can learn more about the unique history of San Marcos de Apalache and see additional photographs by visiting www.exploresouthernhistory.com/sanmarcos1.

Monday, February 2, 2009

Three Rivers State Park - Sneads, Florida


One of Florida's unique treasures may not be available to its people for much longer. Three Rivers State Park in the Northwest Florida community of Sneads is one of three state parks that the state may close permanently this year.

The state has more than doubled its budget in the last ten years, but no longer seems to have money to operate small state parks that have been open to the public for decades. Three Rivers, for example, has been part of the state park system since 1953.

The beautiful park overlooks Lake Seminole, formed by the damming of the forks of the Chattahoochee, Flint and Apalachicola Rivers (hence the name). The lake area is a focal point of archaeology and history. Remains of a massive Native American site dating to the days of the earliest invention of pottery have been found along the shoreline of the park.

The park overlooks the confluence of the Chattahoochee and Flint Rivers, a major landmark in the early exploration and expansion of America. The site of the Spanish mission of La Encarnacion a la Santa Cruz de Sabacola (1674) is within view of the picnic area of the park, as is the location of an 18th century Native American fort and a British fort from the War of 1812.

Dr. John Gorrie, the inventor of the ice machine and a process of refrigeration and air conditioning, lived on Gorrie Hill along the southern edge of the park during the 1820s before moving on to Apalachicola. He is one of two Floridians honored at the U.S. Capitol in Washington, D.C.

The park preserves unique hill country that is among the most unusual terrain in its area. Specimen of the Florida Torreya, one of the rarest trees in the world, can even be found growing there.

Three Rivers State Park costs the state less than $200,000 a year to operate, while generating (according to the state's own figures) an economic impact on the Sneads area of nearly $2,000,000 per year. The state has indicated that since the land on which it has operated the park since 1953 actually belongs to the Federal government, it will hand the park back over to save money. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has indicated that it does not have the money to operate Three Rivers, which means the park will likely close.

If you would like to voice your opinion about the closing of Three Rivers State Park, you can do so by writing to Governor Charlie Crist at Charlie.Crist@MyFlorida.com. You can read more about the park at www.exploresouthernhistory.com/threerivers.

Sunday, February 1, 2009

Fort Gadsden - A Black History Landmark in Florida


February is observed as Black History Month in the United States and one of the most significant American black history landmarks can be found in North Florida's Apalachicola National Forest.

Fort Gadsden Historic Site near the small community of Sumatra preserves the site of the "Negro Fort" on the Apalachicola. Also called the British Post and, for unclear reasons, Fort Blunt (this name appears in no official documents), this was the location of a major colony established by both free African Americans and refugee slaves from the United States and Spanish Florida in 1815. (Note: Fort Gadsden was the name of an American fort built on the same site in 1818).

The fort itself was originally built by British forces during the summer of 1814 as a base for operations during the War of 1812. Colonel Edward Nicolls (sometimes mispelled Nicholls) and Captain George Woodbine assembled a large force of Seminole and Creek warriors and African American soldiers here for planned attacks on Georgia. The war ended before the attacks could take place.

In May of 1814, Colonel Nicolls withdrew from Florida, but left his fort, its artillery and a massive stockpile of arms and ammunition in the hands of his former allies. Most of the Native American warriors soon drifted away, but a colony of several hundred African Americans remained. Farms were established along the riverbanks near the fort and the occupants continued to fly the British flag over their settlement.

The colony naturally became a beacon for slaves living on the plantations of the Southeast and numbers slipped away from bondage to seek freedom at the black settlement on the Apalachicola. U.S. officials began calling the establishment the "Negro Fort" in their reports and demanded that the Spanish take action to destroy it and return its occupants to slavery.

Before the Spanish could act, however, the United States launched a combined land and sea operation against the fort. Reinforced by several hundred friendly Creek warriors, Lt. Col. Duncan L. Clinch and 112 men from the 4th United States Infantry surrounded the fort in July of 1816 and demanded its surrender. The commander of the fort, a former slave named Garcon who had served as a sergeant major in the British forces, replied with a cannon shot.

U.S. forces launched their main attack at 5 a.m. on July 27, 1816, when Gunboats #149 and #154 moved upstream to within range of the fort. The cannon of the fort opened fire, but the shots went wide and did no damage. The sailors, meanwhile, fired four rounds at the fort to test the range and then loaded their guns with cannonballs they had heated until they were red hot.

They hoped to set the wooden parts of the fort on fire, but instead the first "hot shot" fired sailed directly through the open door of a gunpowder magazine and blew the massive fort to bits. The explosion killed 270 of the 320 men, women and children in the fort and injured most of the survivors.

Garcon was captured and executed, as was a Choctaw chief in the fort. The other survivors of the blast were carried to Georgia where they were claimed by plantation owners.

Click here to learn more about this dramatic episode of Florida history and to see photographs of the site of the deadly explosion.

Dade Battlefield Historic State Park - Bushnell, Florida


On December 28, 1835, one of the most significant battles in American history was fought in the open pine country of Central Florida.

A column of 108 U.S. soldiers led by Major Francis Dade was ambushed by a large force of Seminole warriors in the first major battle of the Second Seminole War. By the time the smoke cleared, Dade and more than 100 of his men were dead.

Although Dade's Battle (often known as Dade's Massacre) was small in comparison to the battles fought thirty years later during the Civil War, it was highly significant. The "Little Bighorn" of its day, it brought the United States and Seminole nation into open conflict. The war would prove to be the costliest and longest Indian war in American history. And, in the end, the United States was unable to totally defeat a Native American nation for the first time in its history.

Many of America's greatest 19th century military leaders fought in the Second Seminole War. On the side of the whites there were officers like Winfield Scott, Edmund P. Gaines, William Tecumseh Sherman, etc., while on the side of the Seminoles leaders including Osceola, Jumper, Alligator and Abraham proved themselves to be more than a match for their white counterparts.

The site of the battle is now preserved at Dade Battlefield Historic State Park in Bushnell. The park is an easy drive from Orlando, Tampa and Ocala and protects the ground on which the ambush took place. A museum, reconstructed log barricade and interpretive trail help visitors understand what happened here. To learn more, visit www.exploresouthernhistory.com/dade.